Someone recently asked me if there is always something to do when you are working with farmers. My very short answer was: yes. Activities on the small farms of our farmers of course depend largely on the season, and often farming is treated as a part time business because the scorching equatorial sun makes it impossible to work on the farm after noon. But regardless of the season, activities in the Momentum office are many and plenty. This blog will hopefully give you a little window into some of the things that take up our time.

We have finished distributing the bulk of the farm inputs to our farmers now. During the past couple of weeks we have delivered more than 14 tons of CAN – the top dressing for the maize. Last season, it was delivered along with everything else, which resulted in some unfortunate mishaps for certain farmers who confused the DAP, the fertilizer to be used before planting, with the CAN. Hopefully everyone will do topdressing with the right product at the right time this season.

The very last thing remaining for the farmers loan package delivery to be complete are the banana seedlings we included in the packages. Soon they will be ready to leave the nursery and make their way to their new homes at the small farms. There are many advantages to bananas. Besides being nutritious and able to help secure a better diet for our farmers, they are also easy to sell here in Siaya County. In many villages there is a lack of fruit, and on the market in Ouru (which you will find a picture of in the top of this post) the only fresh things you will find are tomatoes, onions and cabbage. Only twice in the last two months has a stray banana seller found her way to our little corner of the world.

If a farmer takes well care of the banana seedling s/he will soon receive, that seedling will grow into a healthy banana tree that will yield bananas 3 to 4 times a year. It is possible to take the banana suckers, the small shoots to be found at the base of the plant, and transplant them to make one plant grow into many. All of the Momentum trainers and the group leaders were gathered for a two day seminar on growing bananas in which the banana expert and owner of the nursery from where our banana seedlings are growing came to visit us. As with everything Momentum does, training is essential. The knowledge of how to take care of the bananas will reach all group members via the group leaders and the Momentum trainers, and for some this will be the start of a very nutritious and profitable banana venture. 

Working in agribusiness and with farmers is more than distributing farming inputs. The inputs are worth next to nothing without proper training on how to use them. This goes for all the inputs we provide, not just banana trees. Right now some of the groups who have been with us since the beginning are nearing the end of their training material packages, which means that they have gone through all the agricultural and business lessons set up for them. For us this means that we must consider how to proceed from here. In some groups members have expressed an interest in repeating everything again step by step, whereas others want more. As farmers work within Momentum groups they seem to change their attitudes towards knowledge, and many have been telling me that knowledge is the key to advancing themselves in life. Knowledge is power. At the office in Ouru we are working on developing new training material and drawing up new plans for our trainers and groups to follow to make sure they keep moving in the right direction and stay motivated. The local staff is once again proving their worth by dishing out ideas and drafting manuals on things that farmers can work on without the need for investment, like how to make compost at the farm for the farm.

On a daily, weekly and monthly basis we also have our share of challenges to deal with in Ouru. Loan repayment is among one of our recurrent challenges. To be fair, we have a very high rate of loan repayment, it’s nearly perfect, but that does not mean that we do not have to kindly remind our farmers that we are serious about them paying back their loans. On average only two or three of our groups bring their collective loan repayments to the office without us calling and sometimes going there in person. As a foreigner in Kenya it is striking how new the concept of a loan is to many of the locals. Some locals have been ‘spoiled’ by previous organizations coming and handing out all sorts of inputs for free, and they struggle to understand the benefit to them if they actually have to pay for the services we offer. Those locals, however, tend to not join the Momentum groups. Most of those who do join our groups have seen the impact the hand-out-organizations leave behind when they leave, and they all do leave once their funding is exhausted or cut. In the words of one of our farmers these organizations: “drop people on the ground in the same or even worse state than when they came”. We talk about joint responsibility for development with our farmers when we meet them. We talk about the need for them to repay their loans because that is the basis on which we build our capacity to provide them with inputs for the seasons to come. My guess is that 99% of our farmers understand this aspect of Momentum, but we still see a great difference in the way they work together and in how proactive they are when it comes to repayments. The entire Momentum team, myself included, is convinced that this has something to do with how well farmers work in groups. Working in groups is not something Kenyans are brought up with, so they do not necessarily jump at the thought of being collectively responsible for loan repayment and working on their lands. I believe it will continue to be a challenge for many seasons to come to figure out how the Momentum office can ensure that our groups work together, when it comes to preparing their land, planting and loan repayments.

All of the above are some of our daily activities and challenges. In the coming weeks we will busy ourselves with things such as the development of the loan packages for the long rains 2015 and planning of mobilization of new farmer groups, on top of all of our daily activities.

For the past month we’ve been collecting yield information from our farmers; from each and every one who took the Momentum farm input loan for the long rain season 2014. We finally know how many bags of maize and sorghum each individual farmer harvested, and we can begin to evaluate the extent of the impact being a Momentum farmer has had on our community.

The long rain season 2014 in Siaya County, Kenya, was in many ways particular. The rain fell irregularly and in lesser amounts than what is to be expected from a long rain season. Unfortunately irregular rainfall is becoming more and more like a pattern in Kenya, which makes it increasingly difficult for small-scale farmers to plan their farming activities. Small-scale farmers do not have irrigation, water-harvesting mechanisms, or even sometimes access to water sources near their farms. When the rain refuses to follow the traditional patterns of the long rain season and short rain season farming becomes more and more of a gamble, and some farmers end up harvesting next to nothing. For some of our farmers the irregular rainfall of the long rain season 2014 was not the only challenge; a specific type of certified seed completely failed to germinate. The germination issue was not confined to Momentum farmers only, it was a national issue throughout Kenya during the long rain season. The producer of the seed was eventually ordered to rectify its mistake by providing all customers with new seeds. But of course, this took time. Momentum tried to act faster to help the farmers who had chosen that seed type, and replaced the seeds with new ones as soon as the problem became clear. However, by that time the lack of rain resulted in extremely poor germination even of the good seeds. When asked about the liability of the seed producer for loss of output on farms across Kenya our local Momentum staff looked at me and said: “No Mie! It does not work like that!”. And then they laughed at me, perhaps they though my notion of right and wrong a bit peculiar.

By all accounts the Momentum farmers have experienced progress. The average farmer harvested 7 bags of maize on 1 acre, where before the average farmer harvested 2.5 bags of maize on 1 acre. That’s a 280% improvement. Some individuals and some groups have made far better improvements, such as the Odheyo village group who increased their average yield of maize by 437%. I hope this stands to show that what Momentum is doing is working, and that is also testifies to how serious a lot of the farmers we work with are taking our teachings. As I am reminded almost every day by either the Momentum staff or one of our farmers; nothing comes from farming without hard work.

These are promising results from a first season. Some farmers have taken good strides out of poverty, but all still have a way to go. We have checked with out farmers how much of their output they are keeping for consumption and how much they will sell. Only very little will be sold, which for us as Momentum is a lesson in how far from being food secure people of this area are.

From talking to many of our farmers over the past month, one of the comments made most often was: Momentum mustn’t give up. You should keep on working with us until we can stand on our own two feet.

That is evidence of the good relations Momentum has built in this community, and the need for our continued presence here.

During the long rains there were more challenges than the ones I’ve mentioned above, what we can call more normal challenges. The beautiful but destructive striga weed took a toll on the harvests in a couple of our villages, and some of our farmers despite having pledged themselves to follow the improved farming techniques and having attended the training, decided not to abide by the teachings. For us the last challenge is a conundrum. My conversations with some of those farmers have revealed little as to why they decided to ignore everything they had learned during the training. One or two had a funny excuse such as: “My husband is not part of Momentum, and he refused to listen to me!” – but most could not give a straight answer. Fortunately for the particular lady her husband has now seen the difference between their yield and the yield from Momentum farms where things were done right. She has assured me that he will listen to her in all the land preparations and plantings to come.

Transferring knowledge to our farmers, making sure they understand how and why they should work their land is a process. Some seem to absorb and believe in the teachings from day one, but with others it will take more than one season for it to really sink in.

I will leave you with a picture of Kevin and Paolo working on the Momentum demonstration farm, in which I can assure you that they are following all the Momentum teachings down to the very last detail.

As a Development and International Relations student I was very excited when I was given an internship placement at Momentum Agribusiness and Development (MAD). In class I have been presented to various theoretical arguments for and against traditional development aid, I have read thousands of pages on the subject and written many assignments. All which unmistakably have made me wiser. The knowledge I obtained lead me to be critical towards traditional development aid and its ability to bring sustainable change. However, all I had to substantiate my thoughts and my criticism was, well honestly, a lot of books. Something was missing: experiences from real life. MAD is a social business. They do not do traditional development aid. They do not do hand-outs. They do business. Social business. This was what attracted me the most. I wanted to learn firsthand what it means to run a business in a developing country, with the aim of making a profit, together with creating sustainable development.

GOODBYE DENMARK!

When I was packing my bags in January 2014, for my 4 months internship, my head was spinning. I had no idea what to expect. I was hoping that MAD would show me that social business is indeed the way forward when creating sustainable development. Also, I was over-the-top exited about living in such a different culture. My first couple of weeks was ‘introduction weeks’. I visited many Momentum Farmers and they gave me such a warm welcome. When I watched the local Momentum Staff train the Momentum Farmers it was obvious that they were doing an amazing job. The farmers were listening to every word, laughing and asking questions.

MY WORK

My position was as a Business Development Intern and one of my major tasks was planning and executing expansions to five new areas in Siaya. This meant that I helped introduce the work of MAD in different villages and mobilize new Momentum Farmers. We would walk around the different villages, from one boma (homestead) to the other, talking with the farmers and inviting them to meet us at their local meeting place. Many farmers were interested, and from the areas I worked with we were able to sign more than 400 new Momentum Farmers.

I am very proud to have been a part of this achievement because it means that hundreds of people will be given business and farming training as well as quality inputs on loan. This will have a very direct effect on their food security. They will be able to harvest more bags of maize and sorghum, which will feed their families throughout the year. It is crucial for these small-scale farmers to harvest enough bags for both own consumption and selling so they can make enough money for school fees, medicine and keeping their families feed and happy.

One of my other tasks was interviewing the farmers on their experiences with being Momentum Farmers. This was such a rewarding experience. The farmers were explaining how they were getting much more out of their land by using the farming techniques MAD was providing and how they saw themselves practicing better business in the future. Celine Odhiambo, one of our oldest farmers, told me that she had been doing farming her whole life and seen her harvest fail so many times. She had decided to join MAD because, in her own words, “you are never too old to learn”. And what Momentum taught her she will pass on to her grandchildren – I would definitely call that sustainability.

MY THOUGHTS

This internship experience has definitely provided me with what I was missing: experiences from real life. MAD has convinced me that social business IS a great way of creating sustainable development. I am thankful for this experience and know I will take everything I learned with me. I was in Siaya for a short period of only 4 months in which I saw MAD empower so many farmers. I cannot wait to see how many farmers they will have empowered in 4 years! I am now in Denmark writing my thesis based on my experiences and doing some volunteer work for MAD as well. I am already missing the great people I got to work with and the Momentum farmers and I am sure that I will be going to Siaya again one day!

Asante/Thanks

Lea Langeland Jensen

This Is Africa…. At least when leasing land.

As Momentum is a social, for-profit organization, we are always looking for ways to generate income without affecting the smallholder farmers we work with – basically, our vision is to become financially sustainable through income-generating projects while offering loans that the farmers not only can afford to repay, but which also leave the farmers with the highest possible disposable income.

We have discussed many income-generating activities but keep coming back to one, rabbit farming. It is a fairly young industry in Kenya but it is growing fast due to a high demand for rabbit meat from the many Asian nationals both in Kenya and abroad. Due to the continuous breeding, rabbits give birth 5 – 6 times a year, meaning that if we start with 10 female rabbits, within one year we could have 500-600! These are staggering numbers! Furthermore, rabbits are fairly easy to manage, the cost of feeds is low and space requirements are limited. But the latter is exactly where we are running into unforeseen problems.

We live in a rural market close to a river and would like to lease at least 1 acre of land within a 10 minute walk from the office and with direct access to the river. There is plenty of fallow land around so finding land is not an issue – ownership, however is! The first plot of land we surveyed was a beautiful 5-acre piece, 5 minutes from the office, access to the river, located right next to a big road and already cleared for bushes and shrubs. After seeing it there was no doubt. This was the land! But something made me feel weary about the owner. He was a little too eager. So, I contacted the sub-chief, the village elder and the Momentum Farmer group leader from that village. They informed me that the man was not really the owner. When his father died many years back, he had left all of his land to his sons – three in total. He had divided the plot and given pieces to every son. But when he died, the person who claims to be the owner, sold all of his father’s cattle at a lower-than-market price without consulting with his brothers, and he spent all of the money on himself. This prompted his brothers to boycott him from owning any of the land their father had left.

When people inherit land in Kenya, the title deed is usually never altered. It is still in the dead person’s name and the new division is never documented. Therefore, anybody with the title deed can pretend to own the whole land. This is common knowledge here so when leasing land people prefer to deal with a plot with only one owner and involve the village elder and sub-chief for verification purposes. Which is what we will do as well!

By Lisa Wer Nielsen

When I look around our sub-location I see a change happening. According to the farmers the change is happening because of us. When I heard that I was flabbergasted! How can we have been part of making a change when we have only been here for 3 months????

The explanation is simple: the area is ready for change. They have never had a reason to change before, but now they feel the momentum we are creating and they want to reap the benefits 100%. How they do that? Here is how:

We have come in with a project that teaches the farmers about farming skills and business skills, and that gives them farm inputs for a cash crop and a food crop on credit. This means we have dropped a stone in the water of change.

Now the farmers have realized that the stone either falls to the water bed without a splash or it can create a tidal wave, it all depends on the type of throw. And, that is up to the farmers! We have set very few requirements for how they should organize themselves as we do not want to overload the farmers given that our project is novel enough in itself. This means the farmers have a big role in shaping the output of this project.

This approach has resulted in a tremendous ripple effect:

Farmers have introduced table banking, which is a type of savings and loans process where farmers bring money to every meeting and put it in a pile. Some groups are choosing to use the pile of money for saving to repay the loan to us later, and others use it as a loan for group members who need to pay for school fees, lease extra land, start-up capital, etc.

Farmers have also made their own rules for coming late, not showing up to meetings, and not participating. Some have even already decided how to handle group members who are not working hard. These rules include fines, taking over other members’ shambas and dropping members.

Last but definitely not least, two groups have started an infrastructure advancement project that includes their whole village! They believe that now when they are Momentum Farmers they should also be proud of how they live, and the small walking paths to their individual houses and shambas are not suited for this new life, according to them. So, they have mobilized everybody in the village and they are now out there using their jembes (local spades), digging up the shrubs and weeds to expand the paths so that they are big enough to carry vehicles.

These are the ripples after just 3 months. I wonder what will happen in the next 3 months!

– this little girl said. She is about 12 years old and has been taught a poem about guys and their manipulative ways: First they say hi to you, then they want to be your friend, and then suddenly you find yourself with a big tummy and a life-threatening diease, which the guy is already giving to the next girl.

HIV/AIDS is a huge problem in our area of Kenya. It is estimated that at least 20% live with the disease. It is often contracted when people are very young due to a lack of use of protection.

It is a terrible disease with an almost equally terrible stigma surrounding it. You are not allowed to tell other people if a person has HIV or AIDS – that can actually send you to prison! Due to this stigma, it is extremely difficult to talk about it. But seeing that Momentum works with young people in our farmer groups, it is our responsibility to address the issue.

We will emphasize the importance of protection, of always demanding that the male partner wears a condom and that both parties are tested before intercourse. We want to do this by conducting trainings at every one of our farming sessions. We don’t want to just create an awareness campaign, we want to change their mindsets. We need them to see the kind of life they will have with the disease, and the kind of life they can have without. As we will be teaching them farming techniques that have a very high probability of increasing their farm output and also business skills that will teach them how to facilitate this increase in a financially lucrative way, one argument we will put forth is the lower financial gain due to lower productivity. Lower productivity due to being sick, will impact their output and their capability to invest in something productive. Though this might seem like a cold way of portraying a disease like this, we think it will ressonate well with this generation.The current awareness campaigns only focus on the emotionel and health aspect, but this doesn’t seem to really hit them. However, many young people are concerned with how their lives will be in the future with regards to family and wealth, so focusing on the financial issue of the disease might be a way for them to understand. We will try it, and if it doesn’t change anything, we will alter our strategy, because our main goal is to make a change – no matter if that means varying our approach several times!

– I hope the girls follows her own advice, and stays safe!

I am sitting at the local bakery in Siaya town – my favorite shop in the whole county – and thinking back on an interesting week.

We officially launched our project which was a huge success. Momentum farmers, influential politicians and friends of Momentum all showed up – a total of 65! We had arranged for the event to take place outside underneath a tent and we had hired a band to play local music. Seeing that we were outside, the whole village was there and at the end of the event, Christian couldn’t control himself any longer, he had to go dance with the village kids. There was so much joy and excitement! Our team held a captivating speech that hit on all of our achievements so far and the results to come. Afterwards, some of the local politicians took the floor.We networked and spoke to journalists that had come from the radio and newspaper. The success of the event has traveled, as I am met by people all over the county who have heard about it. Just 5 mins back while entering the bakery, I met a camera man I had met some weeks back and he was congratulating us on what he heard was an amazing start. Amazing!

This week also contained a trip to the most successful rabbit farm in the county – a man with the entrepreneurial ambition to venture into something very new. He had started as part of a group but one by one all the members had left and he is now the only one still keeping rabbits. He has 70 and is looking for a place to sell them. That is what we will help him with. We are also interested in keeping rabbits so once we identify a proper sales channel we will partner with him and sell together. We have already done some market research and found that there indeed is a commercial market for rabbit meat, especially with hotels and larger supermarkets.

It dawned on me this week, that there are no advertisements or commercials anywhere to remind me that Christmas is right around the corner. If it wasn’t for the calendar telling me, I wouldn’t know Christmas is in 1 month! I never thought about it, but it is extremely liberating not being bombarded by ads all the time. I can make my own decisions and I am not swallowed up by the consumption-hype of the holidays. It is fabulous! An unexpected benefit to living in rural Kenya!